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Kara Mustafa Pasha
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634/1635 – 25 December 1683) was an Ottoman military leader and grand vizier who was a central character in the Ottoman Empire's last attempts at expansion into both Central and Eastern Europe.
==Early life and career==
Born to Albanian parents〔http://books.google.com/books?id=tdTriSqIW3AC&pg=PA67&dq=kara+mustafa+pasha+albanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sA3UU-myJsb8ywO8uIH4Dw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kara%20mustafa%20pasha%20albanian&f=false〕〔http://books.google.com/books?id=Wl0PAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA142&dq=kara+mustafa+pasha+albanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sA3UU-myJsb8ywO8uIH4Dw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kara%20mustafa%20pasha%20albanian&f=false〕〔http://books.google.al/books?id=WZk5SgAACAAJ&dq=kara+mustafa+pasha+albanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FBEOVKf2BcHnygOsk4DYDg&redir_esc=y〕 in Merzifon, Mustafa was educated in the household of Mehmed Koprulu and married into the powerful Köprülü family.〔''The Siege of Vienna'', John Stoye, p. 18.〕 In 1659, he became governor of Silistria and subsequently held a number of important posts. Within ten years, he was acting as deputy for his brother-in-law, the grand vizier Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha when absent from the Sultan's court.〔
He served as a commander of ground troops in a war against Poland, negotiating a settlement with Jan Sobieski in 1676 that added the province of Podolia to the empire. The victory enabled the Ottomans to transform the Cossack regions of the southern Ukraine into a protectorate. When his brother-in-law Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha died that same year, Mustafa succeeded him as grand vizier.〔
He was less successful in combating a Cossack rebellion that began following the settlement with the Poles. After some initial victories, intervention by Russia turned the tide and forced the Turks to conclude peace in 1681, effectively returning the Cossack lands to Russian rule with the exception of a few forts on the Dnieper and Southern Bug rivers.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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